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Search275,000+ actors, artists, objects, artworks, films, exhibitions, archives

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Do Bigha Zamin (1953)

Do Bigha Zamin (1953)

Film.Indian Cinema
DirectorBimal Roy
LanguageHindi
On this Page
Introduction
Body of Work
Research Centre28
All28Library4
Archive24
Highlights1
Home/Cinema as a Critical Educational Resource/Film/Do Bigha Zamin (1953)
Do Bigha Zamin (1953): title artwork
Do Bigha Zamin (1953): featured artwork

Introduction

Do Bigha Zamin (1953), directed by Bimal Roy, is a poignant film that drew inspiration from Rabindranath Tagore's Bengali poem "Dui Bigha Jomi" and Salil Chowdhury's short story Rickshawalla. While the narrative primarily revolves around Chowdhury's story, it is also deeply influenced by Tagore's themes. The film stars Balraj Sahni and Nirupa Roy in pivotal roles and is regarded as a classic in Indian cinema, primarily known for its socialist themes. It stands as a cornerstone in the early days of Indian parallel cinema, establishing a trend that would shape the Indian New Wave of the 1950s and beyond.

Influenced by Italian neorealism, particularly by Vittorio De Sica's Bicycle Thieves (1948), Roy created Do Bigha Zamin as a blend of art and commercial cinema. The film not only captured the hardships of the working class but also explored the intersection of personal struggle and social injustice. This approach has made the film a benchmark in Indian cinema, inspiring future filmmakers in the Indian neo-realist movement. The film explored rural India's ugly realities. In an effort to earn enough to settle his debts and save his land, a struggling farmer becomes a rickshaw puller in Calcutta, only to confront numerous hardships along the way.

While the film achieved moderate commercial success, it garnered immense critical acclaim. It won the All India Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film and became the first Indian movie to win the Filmfare Award for Best Film. Additionally, it secured the International Prize at the Cannes Film Festival, following Neecha Nagar (1946). The film also earned the Social Progress Award at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival and was later ranked among the Top 25 Must-See Bollywood Films by Indiatimes Movies in 2005. Released in China and the USSR, the film's international recognition further cemented its global impact.

The film's music, composed by Salil Chowdhury with lyrics by Shailendra, includes memorable tracks like "Hariyala Sawan Dhol Bajata Aaya" and "Dharti Kahe Pukar Ke", sung by Lata Mangeshkar and Manna Dey. The lullaby "Aa Jaa Ri Aa", also sung by Lata, features Meena Kumari in a brief guest appearance—her first in her illustrious career. Although the lead role was already taken by Nirupa Roy, Meena Kumari cherished her involvement in the film, making her contribution even more special.

दो बीघा ज़मीन (1953) के निर्देशक बिमल रॉय थे। इस मार्मिक फ़िल्म की पटकथा सलिल चौधरी की 'रिक्शावाला' शीर्षक से लिखी कहानी पर आधारित थी। इस कहानी को लिखने की प्रेरणा सलिल चौधरी को गुरुदेव रवींद्रनाथ टैगोर की बांग्ला कविता 'दुई बीघा जोमी' पढ़कर मिली थी। इस फ़िल्म पर गुरुदेव रवींद्रनाथ टैगोर के विचारों का गहरा प्रभाव दिखाई देता है। इस फ़िल्म में मुख्य भूमिकाएँ बलराज साहनी और निरूपा रॉय ने निभाई हैं और इसे भारतीय सिनेमा इतिहास की सबसे यादगार फ़िल्मों की सूची में रखा जाता है। पचास के सुनहरे दशक का समाजवादी रुझान इस फ़िल्म में उभरकर सामने आता है। कई आलोचक इसी के साथ भारतीय समांतर सिनेमा के बीज पड़ते हुए भी देखते हैं। हिन्दी सिनेमा में यथार्थवादी शैली का विधिवत आरंभ यहाँ से हुआ और आगे जाकर 'इंडियन न्यू वेव' सिनेमा के लिए यह फ़िल्में नींव का पत्थर साबित हुईं।
बिमल रॉय की फ़िल्म इटालियन नव-यथार्थवादी सिनेमा से, उसमें भी ख़ास तौर पर निर्देशक विट्टोरियो डी सिका की फ़िल्म बाइसिकल थीव्स (1948) से गहरे प्रभावित थी। कह सकते हैं कि बिमल रॉय ने इसे कलात्मक और व्यावसायिक सिनेमा के संगमस्थल पर खड़े होकर बनाया। दो बीघा ज़मीन न सिर्फ़ किसान और मज़दूर वर्ग की कठिनाइयों को उजागर करती है, यह एक इंसान के व्यक्तिगत संघर्ष के भीतर समाज के स्तर पर होने वाले अन्याय को भी दिखाती है। भविष्य में इस फ़िल्म को भारतीय सिनेमा में यथार्थवाद के चित्रण की एक कसौटी की तरह देखा जाने लगा और इसने भारत में नव-यथार्थवादी शैली का सिनेमा बनानेवाली भावी पीढ़ियों को प्रेरित किया। यह फ़िल्म ग्रामीण भारतीय जीवन की कटु सच्चाइयों को सामने लाती है जहाँ कर्ज़ के बोझ तले दबा एक गरीब किसान अपनी ज़मीन को बचाने के लिए कलकत्ता शहर आकर हाथ-रिक्शा खींचता है, लेकिन तब भी अपनी मुश्किलातों से पार नहीं पाता।
हालाँकि फिल्म ने मध्यम व्यावसायिक सफलता अर्जित की, लेकिन इसे ज़बरदस्त आलोचनात्मक तारीफ़ें मिलीं। इसने 'ऑल इंडिया सर्टिफ़िकेट ऑफ़ मेरिट फॉर बेस्ट फ़ीचर फ़िल्म' जीता और यह सर्वश्रेष्ठ फ़िल्म का फ़िल्मफेयर पुरस्कार जीतने वाली पहली भारतीय फ़िल्म बनी। इसके अलावा इसने प्रतिष्ठित कान फ़िल्म फ़ेस्टिवल में 'इंटरनेशनल प्राइज़' जीता जो इससे पहले नीचा नगर (1946) को ही हासिल हुआ था। इस फ़िल्म को कार्लोवी वेरी अन्तरराष्ट्रीय फ़िल्म फ़ेस्टिवल में 'सोशल प्रोग्रेस पुरस्कार' से भी नवाज़ा गया। वर्ष 2005 में इंडियाटाइम्स मूवीज़ ने इसे 'टॉप 25 मस्ट सी बॉलीवुड फ़िल्म्स' की सूची में स्थान दिया। चीन और सोवियत संघ में रिलीज़ होने पर मिली लोकप्रियता ने इस फ़िल्म को अंतरराष्ट्रीय स्तर पर बड़ी पहचान दिलाई और इसका वैश्विक प्रभाव और मज़बूत हुआ।
फ़िल्म में सलिल चौधरी ने संगीत दिया था और इसके लिए गीत शैलेंद्र ने लिखे थे। इस फ़िल्म के यादगार गीतों में लता मंगेशकर और मन्ना डे के गाए "हरियाला सावन ढोल बजाता आया" और "धरती कहे पुकार के" जैसे गीत शामिल हैं। शैलेंद्र के लिखे गीतों में समाजवादी रुझान दिखता है और अपनी ज़मीन छोड़कर विस्थापित होनेवालों का दर्द उभरकर आता है। लता मंगेशकर का गाया लोरी की शक्ल में रचा गया "आजा री आ, निंदिया तू आ" गीत भी भुलाया नहीं जा सकता। इसी गीत में मीना कुमारी ने एक छोटी-सी अतिथि भूमिका निभाई थी। उनके शानदार फ़िल्मी सफ़रनामे में आई पहली मेहमान भूमिका। हालाँकि इस फ़िल्म में मुख्य भूमिका पहले ही निरूपा रॉय को जा चुकी थी, पर यह जानकर भी मीना कुमारी ने इस फ़िल्म से जुड़ने की इच्छा जताई और इसके चलते उनकी मेहमान भूमिका और भी विशेष बन जाती है।
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Lobby Card | CinemaEducation | 00811903
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Body of Work

Art Director
Ganesh Basak
Assistant Directors
Moni Bhattacharjee, Hrishikesh Mukherjee, Sunil Das Gupta
Banner
Bimal Roy Productions
Choreographer
Prem Dhawan
Cinematographer
Kamal Bose
Dialogue Writer
Paul Mahendra
Director
Bimal Roy
Editing
Hrishikesh Mukherjee
Executive Producer
Ashit Sen
Lead Cast
Ratan Kumar, Nirupa Roy, Balraj Sahni, Murad
Lead Cast Rest
Janki Das, Nazir Husain, Meena Kumari, Raj Lakshmi, Nana Paliskar, Mehmood, Misra, Tiwari, Nana Palsikar
Lyricist
Shailendra
Music Director
Salil Chowdhury
Producer
Bimal Roy
Screenplay Writer
Hrishikesh Mukherjee
Story Writer
Salil Chowdhury

Research Centre

Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Photographic Still
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Photographic Still
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Photographic Still
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Photographic Still
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Photographic Still
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Photographic Still
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Photographic Still
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Photographic Still
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Photographic Still
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Photographic Still
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Photographic Still
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Photographic Still
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Photographic Still
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Photographic Still
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Photographic Still
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Photographic Still
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Photographic Still
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Photographic Still
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Photographic Still
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Photographic Still
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Bimal Roy (Producer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Song-Synopsis Booklet
Roy, Bimal (Producer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Song-Synopsis Booklet
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Bimal Roy (Producer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Song-Synopsis Booklet
Roy, Bimal (Producer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Song-Synopsis Booklet
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J.C. Jain (Editor), Filmfare, 1953, Magazine
Jain, J.C. (Editor). Filmfare, 20 February 1953 | Magazine | 00793130
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J.C. Jain (Editor), Filmfare, 1953, Magazine
Jain, J.C. (Editor). Filmfare, 20 February 1953 | Magazine | 00793130
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Lobby Card
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Lobby Card
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Lobby Card
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Lobby Card
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Lobby Card
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Lobby Card
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Lobby Card
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Lobby Card
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Lobby Card
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Lobby Card
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Lobby Card
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Lobby Card
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J.C. Jain (Editor), Filmfare, 1953, Magazine
Jain, J.C. (Editor). Filmfare, 20 February 1953 | Magazine | 00793130
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J.C. Jain (Editor), Filmfare, 1953, Magazine
Jain, J.C. (Editor). Filmfare, 20 February 1953 | Magazine | 00793130
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Gulshan Ewing (Editor), Star & Style, 1972, Magazine
Ewing, Gulshan (Editor). Star & Style, 17 March 1972 | Magazine | 00808526
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Gulshan Ewing (Editor), Star & Style, 1972, Magazine
Ewing, Gulshan (Editor). Star & Style, 17 March 1972 | Magazine | 00808526
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Photographic Still
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Photographic Still
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Photographic Still
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Photographic Still
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Photographic Still
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Photographic Still
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Photographic Still
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Photographic Still
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Photographic Still
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Photographic Still
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Photographic Still
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Photographic Still
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Photographic Still
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Photographic Still
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Photographic Still
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Photographic Still
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Photographic Still
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Photographic Still
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Photographic Still
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Photographic Still
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Bimal Roy (Producer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Song-Synopsis Booklet
Roy, Bimal (Producer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Song-Synopsis Booklet
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Bimal Roy (Producer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Song-Synopsis Booklet
Roy, Bimal (Producer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Song-Synopsis Booklet
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Lobby Card
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Lobby Card
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Lobby Card
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Lobby Card
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Lobby Card
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Lobby Card
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Lobby Card
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Lobby Card
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Lobby Card
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Lobby Card
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Lobby Card
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Lobby Card
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Lobby Card
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Lobby Card
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Lobby Card
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Lobby Card
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Lobby Card
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Lobby Card
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Lobby Card
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Lobby Card
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Kamal Bose (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Lobby Card
Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Lobby Card
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Bimal Roy (Producer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Full Sheet Poster
Roy, Bimal (Producer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Full Sheet Poster
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Bimal Roy (Producer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953, Song-Synopsis Booklet
Roy, Bimal (Producer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Song-Synopsis Booklet
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Related

11

Personalities

11

Balraj SahniLead Cast
Bimal RoyFilm Producer · Film Director +1
Jaya BhaduriComparable Artworks
Kamal BoseCameraman · Comparable Artworks
Lata MangeshkarPlayback Singer
Manna DeyPlayback Singer
Meena KumariLead Cast
MehmoodLead Cast
Mohammad RafiPlayback Singer
Nirupa RoyLead Cast
ShailendraLyricist
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              Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Lobby Card | CinemaEducation | 00811907

              Bose, Kamal (Cinematographer), Do Bigha Zamin, 1953 | Lobby Card

              CinematographerKamal Bose
              Document TypeLobby Card
              Film TitleDo Bigha Zamin, 1953, India, Hindi
              ProducerBimal RoyDirectorBimal RoyBannerBimal Roy Productions
              Art DirectorGanesh Basak
              CastRatan Kumar, Nirupa Roy, Balraj Sahni, Murad, Janki Das, Nazir Husain, Meena Kumari, Raj Lakshmi, Nana Paliskar, Mehmood, Misra, Tiwari, Nana Palsikar
              EditingHrishikesh Mukherjee
              LyricistShailendra
              Music DirectorSalil Chowdhury
              Copyright of ImageWith Producer | Archive Object

              Research Categories

              1_CinemaEducation

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              Masterlist2
              Cinema Lobby CardsKamal Bose
              Research Categories
              01Cinema as a Critical Educational Resource