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Pakeezah (1971)

Pakeezah (1971)

Film.Indian Cinema
DirectorKamal Amrohi
LanguageHindi, Urdu
On this Page
Introduction
Body of Work
Research Centre28
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Home/1_CinemaEducation/Film/Pakeezah (1971)

Pakeezah1971

Pakeezah (1971): featured artwork

Introduction

Pakeezah, directed by Kamal Amrohi, stands as one of Hindi cinema's most poignant achievements, haunted by the tragic circumstances surrounding its making. A project stalled for over 14 years, its troubled production mirrored the personal struggles of its lead actress, Meena Kumari, whose deteriorating health and the collapse of her marriage to Amrohi added layers of off-screen drama to the film's narrative of entrapment and yearning. The film's eventual release posthumously canonized Kumari, who passed away within weeks, as a tragic figure of Hindi cinema, her performance deeply imbued with real-life sorrow. Amrohi's formalism in Pakeezah is perhaps his most enduring signature—every frame is meticulously composed, exuding an aestheticism that can be both mesmerizing and claustrophobic. The film's heightened use of sound stands out, with the recurring motifs of anklets and veils functioning almost as characters in their own right, shaping the emotional landscape as much as the actors. But beneath its visual opulence lies a deep melancholy: Pakeezah critiques the world it so beautifully renders, exposing the suffocation of its protagonist within the patriarchal gaze. Ultimately, the film serves as both a tribute and an elegy to Meena Kumari's life and talent, offering a melancholic reflection on the cost of beauty and fame.

निर्माता-निर्देशक कमाल अमरोही की पाकीज़ा हिंदी सिनेमा की सबसे मार्मिक उपलब्धियों में से एक है, चुनौतियों से भरे जिसके अनथक निर्माण की कहानी को इसकी त्रासद कथा से अलगाना मुश्किल है। सालों तक रुकी रही इस महत्वाकांक्षी परियोजना के निर्माण में 14 साल से भी ज़्यादा का समय लग गया और इस बीच फ़िल्म की नायिका मीना कुमारी के निजी जीवन के संघर्ष बड़े होते हए। उनकी बिगड़ती सेहत और फ़िल्म के निर्माता-निर्देशक कमाल अमरोही के साथ उनका बिखरता वैवाहिक रिश्ता दर्द से भरी फ़िल्म की कहानी को पर्दे से परे एक अलग ही नटकीय रंग देता रहा। आखिरकार 1972 में फ़िल्म रिलीज़ हुई, लेकिन इसके कुछ ही हफ़्तों के भीतर मीना कुमारी ने इस दुनिया को अलविदा कह दिया। पाकीज़ा में उनका त्रासद किरदार जैसे अपार दुख और अकेलेपन से भरी उनकी असल ज़िन्दगी की पर्दे पर ज़िन्दा निशानी बन गया और उनके कारुणिक अभिनय ने मरकर भी उनको सिनेमा के पर्दे पर हमेशा के लिए अमर कर दिया। अमरोही के लिए पाकीज़ा किसी अप्राप्य माशूका सी रही होगी। फ़िल्म पर सालोंसाल काम करते हुए उन्होंने फ़िल्म के एक-एक फ़्रेम को इतनी बारीक़ी से सजाया है कि ऐसा सौंदर्यबोध मंत्रमुग्ध भी करता है और देखनेवाले को घुटन से भी भर सकता है। फ़िल्म अलग-अलग किस्म की ध्वनियों का बड़ी कुशलता से इस्तेमाल करती है, जैसे पायल की छनछन या पर्दे का गिरना। ऐसी कई ध्वनियाँ फ़िल्म में बारम्बार दोहराव के साथ जैसे अपना स्वतंत्र व्यक्तित्व हासिल कर लेती हैं और फ़िल्म की भावनात्मक ज़मीन को पूरा करती हैं। लेकिन कहना होगा कि पाकीज़ा के दृश्यों में मौजूद अलंकृत वैभव के भीतर एक गहरी उदासी छिपी है। जिस दुनिया को वह इतनी खूबसूरती से पर्दे पर रचती है, पाकीज़ा दरअसल उसी दुनिया की गहरी आलोचना भी पेश करती है। समाज के पितृसत्तात्मक नज़रिये के भीतर मौन तड़पती अपनी नायिका की घुटन को यह बखूबी सामने रख देती है। अंततः पाकीज़ा मीना कुमारी की ज़िन्दगी और उनकी विकट प्रतिभा को एक श्रद्धांजलि भी है और उनके निजी दर्द से रचा शोकगीत भी। बला का खूबसूरत, मक़बूल लेकिन गहरी उदासी से भरा शोकगीत।

Amrohi, Kamal (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Advertisement, Filmfare, 25 February 1972 | CinemaEducation | 00791481
1 / 8

Body of Work

Art Director
N.B. Kulkarni, D.S. Malwankar
Assistant Directors
Hemant Desai
Banner
Mahal Pictures
Choreographer
Gauri Shankar
Cinematographer
Josef Wirsching
Controller of Production
Sa Baker
Costume Designer
Meena Kumari
Director
Kamal Amrohi
Editing
Dattaram N. Pai
Lead Cast
Ashok Kumar, Raaj Kumar, Meena Kumari, Veena
Lead Cast Rest
Jagdish Kanwal, Kamal Kapoor, Vijay Laxmi, Dharmendra, Nadira, Sapru
Lyricist
Kamal Amrohi, Kaifi Azmi, Kaif Bhopali, Majrooh Sultanpuri
Makeup Director
P. Arvind Kumar
Music Director
Ghulam Mohammed(ii), Naushad
Presented by Institution
Mahal Pictures
Producer
Kamal Amrohi
Publicity Designer
Pamart
Screenplay Writer
Kamal Amrohi
Script Writer
Kamal Amrohi
Still Photographer
Kamat foto
Story Writer
Kamal Amrohi

Research Centre

Josef Wirsching (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971, Photographic Still
Wirsching, Josef (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Photographic Still
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Josef Wirsching (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971, Photographic Still
Wirsching, Josef (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Photographic Still
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Josef Wirsching (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971, Photographic Still
Wirsching, Josef (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Photographic Still
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Josef Wirsching (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971, Photographic Still
Wirsching, Josef (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Photographic Still
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Josef Wirsching (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971, Photographic Still
Wirsching, Josef (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Photographic Still
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Josef Wirsching (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971, Lobby Card
Wirsching, Josef (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Lobby Card
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Josef Wirsching (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971, Lobby Card
Wirsching, Josef (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Lobby Card
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Josef Wirsching (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971, Lobby Card
Wirsching, Josef (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Lobby Card
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Josef Wirsching (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971, Lobby Card
Wirsching, Josef (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Lobby Card
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Kamal Amrohi (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971, Song-Synopsis Booklet
Amrohi, Kamal (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Song-Synopsis Booklet
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Kamal Amrohi (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971, Full Sheet Poster
Amrohi, Kamal (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Full Sheet Poster
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Kamal Amrohi (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971, Full Sheet Poster
Amrohi, Kamal (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Full Sheet Poster
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Kamal Amrohi (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971, Full Sheet Poster
Amrohi, Kamal (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Full Sheet Poster
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Kamal Amrohi (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971, Showcard
Amrohi, Kamal (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Showcard
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Kamal Amrohi (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971, Showcard
Amrohi, Kamal (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Showcard
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Kamal Amrohi (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971, Showcard
Amrohi, Kamal (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Showcard
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Kamal Amrohi (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971, Showcard
Amrohi, Kamal (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Showcard
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Kamal Amrohi (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971, Showcard
Amrohi, Kamal (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Showcard
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Kamal Amrohi (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971, Showcard
Amrohi, Kamal (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Showcard
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Josef Wirsching (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971, Photographic Still Mounted on Lobby Card
Wirsching, Josef (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Photographic Still Mounted on Lobby Card
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20 of 28
Ganesh Anantharaman (Author), Bollywood Melodies, 2008, Authored Book
Anantharaman, Ganesh (Author). Bollywood Melodies, 2008 | Authored Book | 00843995
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Ruth Vanita (Author), Dancing with the Nation, 2017, Authored Book
Vanita, Ruth (Author). Dancing with the Nation, 2017 | Authored Book | 00843994
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Josef Wirsching (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971, Photographic Still
Wirsching, Josef (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Photographic Still
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Josef Wirsching (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971, Photographic Still
Wirsching, Josef (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Photographic Still
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Josef Wirsching (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971, Photographic Still
Wirsching, Josef (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Photographic Still
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Josef Wirsching (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971, Photographic Still
Wirsching, Josef (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Photographic Still
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Josef Wirsching (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971, Photographic Still
Wirsching, Josef (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Photographic Still
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Josef Wirsching (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971, Lobby Card
Wirsching, Josef (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Lobby Card
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Josef Wirsching (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971, Lobby Card
Wirsching, Josef (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Lobby Card
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Josef Wirsching (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971, Lobby Card
Wirsching, Josef (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Lobby Card
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Josef Wirsching (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971, Lobby Card
Wirsching, Josef (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Lobby Card
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Kamal Amrohi (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971, Song-Synopsis Booklet
Amrohi, Kamal (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Song-Synopsis Booklet
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Kamal Amrohi (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971, Full Sheet Poster
Amrohi, Kamal (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Full Sheet Poster
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Kamal Amrohi (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971, Full Sheet Poster
Amrohi, Kamal (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Full Sheet Poster
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Kamal Amrohi (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971, Full Sheet Poster
Amrohi, Kamal (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Full Sheet Poster
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Kamal Amrohi (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971, Showcard
Amrohi, Kamal (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Showcard
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Kamal Amrohi (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971, Showcard
Amrohi, Kamal (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Showcard
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Kamal Amrohi (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971, Showcard
Amrohi, Kamal (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Showcard
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Kamal Amrohi (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971, Showcard
Amrohi, Kamal (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Showcard
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Kamal Amrohi (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971, Showcard
Amrohi, Kamal (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Showcard
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Kamal Amrohi (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971, Showcard
Amrohi, Kamal (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Showcard
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Josef Wirsching (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971, Photographic Still Mounted on Lobby Card
Wirsching, Josef (Cinematographer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Photographic Still Mounted on Lobby Card
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20 of 26
Kamal Amrohi (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971, Song-Synopsis Booklet
Amrohi, Kamal (Producer), Pakeezah, 1971 | Song-Synopsis Booklet
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Meena KumariCostume Designer · Lead Cast +1
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© Tuli Research Centre for India Studies 2026

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Tuli Research Centre

for India Studies

A free and open knowledge base for the modern and contemporary Indian arts, cinema, photography and cultural heritage.

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              Vanita, Ruth (Author). Dancing with the Nation - Courtesans in Bombay Cinema. New Delhi: Speaking Tiger, 2017 | Authored Book | CinemaEducation | 00843994
              1 / 2
              2
              Ruth Vanita (Author)
              TitleDancing with the Nation - Courtesans in Bombay Cinema
              Document TypeAuthored Book
              PublisherSpeaking Tiger, New Delhi
              Date of Publication2017
              First Edition2017
              BindingPaperbound
              LanguageEnglish
              ISBN978-9386702906
              Featured on Front Coverwaheeda-rehman
              Keywordsumrao-jaan-1981 | pakeezah-1972 | authored-edited-books | book-bka | library

              Research Categories

              1_CinemaEducation
              4_PopCulture

              Related Links16

              Masterlist14
              Pakeezah 1972Authored Edited BooksKamal AmrohiAshok KumarRaaj KumarMeena KumariDharmendraNadiraJosef WirschingKaifi AzmiMajrooh SultanpuriLata MangeshkarMohammad RafiWaheeda Rehman
              Research Categories2
              01Cinema as a Critical Educational Resource04The Printed Image, Popular Arts, and Crafts