This category includes three-dimensional and wall-based practices that engage with space, volume, and surface. Sculpture, whether carved, cast, modelled, or assembled, has historically embodied human form, myth, and monument. Murals and reliefs extend narrative and symbolism onto architectural surfaces, often integrating with public or sacred spaces. These forms combine physical presence with cultural resonance, inviting tactile and spatial engagement while articulating collective memory and meaning. In modern contexts, artists reimagine these traditions with new material and scale amidst critical frameworks.