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Search275,000+ actors, artists, objects, artworks, films, exhibitions, archives

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Dushman (1939)

Dushman (1939)

Film.Indian Cinema
DirectorNitin Bose
LanguageHindi
On this Page
Introduction
Body of Work
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Home/Film/Dushman (1939)

Dushman1939

Dushman (1939): featured artwork

Introduction

Dushman (1939) was a social romantic drama that became a mega hit upon release. Directed by the acclaimed Nitin Bose for New Theatres, Calcutta, the film featured a stellar cast including K. L. Saigal, Leela Desai, Najmul Hassan, Prithviraj Kapoor, Nemo, and Jagdish Sethi. Remarkably, Nitin Bose not only directed the film but also penned the story and served as its cinematographer. Dialogues were written by Sudarshan.

The narrative centres around two close friends who, unaware of each other's affections, fall in love with the same woman. When one of them is diagnosed with tuberculosis, he chooses to step aside, sacrificing his love. He later finds himself in a sanatorium, where he undergoes treatment and recovery.

The concept for Dushman was originally suggested as a propaganda film by Viceroy Lord Linlithgow and his wife, who at the time served as Chairman and Patron of King George's Tuberculosis Fund. Their proposal was part of a broader effort to raise awareness about tuberculosis, a pressing public health issue of the era.

Faced with wartime restrictions and the scarcity of raw film stock, Indian producers were often compelled to align with official interests. Even a filmmaker of Nitin Bose's stature was not immune to these pressures. Despite having once remarked that casting K. L. Saigal would cause his camera lens to crack at the sight of the "uncouth youth," Bose changed his stance after the immense success of Devdas (1935). Following that milestone, he collaborated with Saigal on multiple projects.

The music of Dushman was composed by the legendary Pankaj Mullick, with lyrics by Arzu Lucknavi. Mullick also lent his voice to his own rendition of the hauntingly beautiful Karun Kya Aas Niraas Bhayi, originally sung by K. L. Saigal. In fact, all songs in the film were performed by Saigal, whose soulful voice contributed significantly to the film's emotional depth and widespread appeal.

Dushman was later remade in Bengali, further extending its legacy.

दुश्मन (1939) एक सामाजिक विषय पर बनी रोमांटिक फ़िल्म थी जो रिलीज़ होते ही मेगा हिट बन गई। कलकत्ता के 'न्यू थियेटर्स' के बैनर तले निर्मित इस फ़िल्म का निर्देशन मशहूर लेखक-निर्देशक नितिन बोस ने किया था। इस फ़िल्म में कुंदन लाल सहगल, लीला देसाई, नज़मुल हसन, पृथ्वीराज कपूर, नीमो और जगदीश सेठी जैसे उस दौर के बड़े कलाकारों ने अभिनय किया था। उल्लेखनीय है कि नितिन बोस ने न सिर्फ़ इस फ़िल्म का निर्देशन किया था बल्कि इसकी कहानी भी उन्होंने ही लिखी थी और बतौर सिनेमैटोग्राफ़र भी वो ही काम कर रहे थे। फ़िल्म के लिए संवाद सुदर्शन ने लिखे थे।
इस फ़िल्म की कहानी दो ऐसे जिगरी दोस्तों के साथ आगे बढ़ती है जिन्हें एक-दूसरे की भावनाओं का अन्दाज़ा नहीं और दोनों अनजाने में एक ही स्त्री से प्रेम करने लगते हैं। जब उनमें से एक को तपेदिक या टीबी की बीमारी हो जाती है तो वह अपने प्रेम का बलिदान करने का इरादा कर लेता है। बीमारी की अवस्था में कुछ समय बाद वह एक सैनेटोरियम पहुँचता है जहाँ उसका इलाज चलता है और उसके स्वास्थ्य की देखभाल की जाती है।
दुश्मन बनाने का विचार सबसे पहले एक प्रचार फ़िल्म की तरह वायसराय लॉर्ड लिनलिथगो और उनकी पत्नी ने सुझाया था जो उस समय 'किंग जॉर्ज ट्यूबरक्युलोसिस फंड' के अध्यक्ष और संरक्षक थे। यह सुझाव उस व्यापक जागरुकता अभियान का हिस्सा था जिसका उद्देश्य था तपेदिक जैसी गंभीर बीमारी और सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य चुनौती के बारे में जनता में जागरूकता बढ़ाना।
युद्धकालीन पाबंदियों और फ़िल्म रील का कच्चा उत्पाद मिलने में दिक्कत के चलते भारतीय निर्माताओं को उस दौर में अक्सर सरकारी हितों से समझौता करना पड़ता था। नितिन बोस जैसे बड़े फ़िल्मकार भी इससे अछूते नहीं रहे।
दिलचस्प बात है कि उन्होंने एक समय कहा था कि अगर के. एल. सहगल को लिया गया तो उनके कैमरे का लेंस इस "असभ्य युवक" को देखकर टूट जाएगा। लेकिन देवदास (1935) की अपार सफलता के बाद उनका दृष्टिकोण बदल गया और उन्होंने सहगल के साथ कई फ़िल्में बनाईं।
इस फ़िल्म का संगीत दिग्गज संगीतकार पंकज मल्लिक ने तैयार किया था और इसके गीतों के बोल आरज़ू लखनवी ने लिखे थे। मल्लिक ने खुद भी अपनी आवाज़ में एक गीत “करूँ क्या आस निरास भई” गाया था, जिसे मूल रूप से के. एल. सहगल ने गाया था। असल में फ़िल्म के सभी गीत सहगल ने ही गाए थे और उनकी आत्मीय आवाज़ ने फ़िल्म की जज़्बाती तड़प और लोकप्रियता को और बढ़ा दिया।
बाद में इसी फ़िल्म दुश्मन को बांग्ला भाषा में भी बनाया गया और सिनेमा इतिहास में इस फ़िल्म की विरासत स्थायी हो गई।
Bose, Nitin (Cinematographer), Dushman, 1939 | Photographic Still | CinemaEducation | 00885112
1 / 2

Body of Work

Banner
New Theatres Ltd.
Cinematographer
Nitin Bose
Director
Nitin Bose
Editing
Subodh Mitter
Lead Cast
Leela Desai, Najam, Nemo, Saigal
Lead Cast Rest
Jagdish, Prithviraj Kapoor
Lyricist
Munshi Arzoo Lucknowi
Music Director
Pankaj Mullick
Producer
B.N. Sircar
Script Writer
Nitin Bose

Research Centre

Nitin Bose (Cinematographer), Dushman, 1939, Photographic Still
Bose, Nitin (Cinematographer), Dushman, 1939 | Photographic Still
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Nitin Bose (Cinematographer), Dushman, 1939, Photographic Still
Bose, Nitin (Cinematographer), Dushman, 1939 | Photographic Still
View full record
Nitin Bose (Cinematographer), Dushman, 1939, Photographic Still
Bose, Nitin (Cinematographer), Dushman, 1939 | Photographic Still
View full record
Nitin Bose (Cinematographer), Dushman, 1939, Photographic Still
Bose, Nitin (Cinematographer), Dushman, 1939 | Photographic Still
View full record
B.N. Sircar (Producer), Dushman, 1939, Song-Synopsis Booklet
Sircar, B.N. (Producer), Dushman, 1939 | Song-Synopsis Booklet
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B.N. Sircar (Producer), Dushman, 1939, Song-Synopsis Booklet
Sircar, B.N. (Producer), Dushman, 1939 | Song-Synopsis Booklet
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Nitin Bose (Cinematographer), Dushman, 1939, Photographic Still
Bose, Nitin (Cinematographer), Dushman, 1939 | Photographic Still
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Nitin Bose (Cinematographer), Dushman, 1939, Photographic Still
Bose, Nitin (Cinematographer), Dushman, 1939 | Photographic Still
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Nitin Bose (Cinematographer), Dushman, 1939, Photographic Still
Bose, Nitin (Cinematographer), Dushman, 1939 | Photographic Still
View full record
Nitin Bose (Cinematographer), Dushman, 1939, Photographic Still
Bose, Nitin (Cinematographer), Dushman, 1939 | Photographic Still
View full record
B.N. Sircar (Producer), Dushman, 1939, Song-Synopsis Booklet
Sircar, B.N. (Producer), Dushman, 1939 | Song-Synopsis Booklet
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B.N. Sircar (Producer), Dushman, 1939, Song-Synopsis Booklet
Sircar, B.N. (Producer), Dushman, 1939 | Song-Synopsis Booklet
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Related

4

Personalities

4

B.N. SircarFilm Producer · Comparable Artworks
Nitin BoseCameraman · Film Director +2
Prithviraj KapoorLead Cast
SaigalLead Cast · Playback Singer
Tuli Research Centre for India Studies

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              Bose, Nitin (Cinematographer), Dushman, 1939 | Photographic Still | CinemaEducation | 00885112

              Bose, Nitin (Cinematographer), Dushman, 1939 | Photographic Still

              CinematographerNitin Bose
              Document TypePhotographic Still
              Film TitleDushman (The Enemy), 1939, India, Hindi
              ProducerB.N. SircarDirectorNitin BoseBannerNew Theatres Ltd.
              CastLeela Desai, Najam, Nemo, Saigal, Jagdish, Prithviraj Kapoor
              EditingSubodh Mitter
              LyricistMunshi Arzoo Lucknowi
              Music DirectorPankaj Mullick
              Script WriterNitin Bose
              Copyright of ImageWith Producer | Archive Object

              Research Categories

              1_CinemaEducation

              Related Links6

              Masterlist5
              Cinema Photographic StillsNitin BoseB N SircarSaigalPrithviraj Kapoor
              Research Categories
              01Cinema as a Critical Educational Resource