Engraving, etching, mezzotint, and aquatint are traditional intaglio printmaking techniques, each producing distinct effects. Engraving involves manually carving lines into a metal plate with a burin, resulting in sharp, precise images. Etching uses acid to bite lines drawn through a wax coating, creating softer, more fluid lines. Mezzotint produces rich, velvety tones by roughening the entire plate and smoothing select areas to create light, making it ideal for dramatic shading. Aquatint, often combined with etching, uses acid to bite around resin particles, forming tonal areas that resemble watercolor washes. Each method contributes a unique texture and depth to printed artworks.